LEMBAR JAWABAN pilihan ganda SD doc


The effects of chronic kidney disease on baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and deficits in afferent and central components of the baroreflex were studied in juvenile and adult male Lewis Polycystic Kidney (LPK) and control Lewis rats under anesthesia (n=35). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), aortic depressor nerve activity (ADNA), and RSNA were determined after pharmacological manipulation of BP. Responses to ADN stimulation (4.0 V, 2.0 ms, 1–24 Hz) were determined, and the aortic arch was collected for histomorphometry. In juvenile LPK versus age-matched Lewis rats, gain of RSNA (−1.5±0.2 versus −2.8±0.2%/mm Hg; P <0.05) and ADNA (2.5±0.3 versus 5.0±0.6%/mm Hg; P <0.05), but not HR barocurves, were reduced. BP, HR, and RSNA responses to ADN stimulation were normal or enhanced in juvenile LPK. In adult LPK versus age-matched Lewis, the gain and range of RSNA (gain: −1.2±0.1 versus −2.2±0.2%/mm Hg, range: 62±8 versus 98±7%) and HR (gain: −0.7±0.1...

The effects of chronic kidney disease on baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and deficits in afferent and central components of the baroreflex were studied in juvenile and adult male Lewis Polycystic Kidney (LPK) and control Lewis rats under anesthesia (n=35). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), aortic depressor nerve activity (ADNA), and RSNA were determined after pharmacological manipulation of BP. Responses to ADN stimulation (4.0 V, 2.0 ms, 1–24 Hz) were determined, and the aortic arch was collected for histomorphometry. In juvenile LPK versus age-matched Lewis rats, gain of RSNA (−1.5±0.2 versus −2.8±0.2%/mm Hg; P <0.05) and ADNA (2.5±0.3 versus 5.0±0.6%/mm Hg; P <0.05), but not HR barocurves, were reduced. BP, HR, and RSNA responses to ADN stimulation were normal or enhanced in juvenile LPK. In adult LPK versus age-matched Lewis, the gain and range of RSNA (gain: −1.2±0.1 versus −2.2±0.2%/mm Hg, range: 62±8 versus 98±7%) and HR (gain: −0.7±0.1...

The study aims at developing communicative English teaching material to enhance the students’ hospitality at vocational education course (LPK) in Semarang to accommodate the learning outcome and the job market demands communicatively, and revealing the effectiveness of the model communicative ESP teaching material compared to that of the common used by teachers. The study is an educational research and development or R&D. which aims at describing features of textbooks used in teaching English in LPK in Semarang. Data on English textbooks and their usage in LPK and the strengths and weaknesses in the newly constructed teaching material were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, and observation and documents’ analysis. Data of the students’ learning achievements were obtained by means of an objective test with 60 items and were analyzed by means of t-test for independent sample. The findings show that when teachers use the model of communicative teaching material, called E...

The study aims at developing communicative English teaching material to enhance the students’ hospitality at vocational education course (LPK) in Semarang to accommodate the learning outcome and the job market demands communicatively, and revealing the effectiveness of the model communicative ESP teaching material compared to that of the common used by teachers. The study is an educational research and development or R&D. which aims at describing features of textbooks used in teaching English in LPK in Semarang. Data on English textbooks and their usage in LPK and the strengths and weaknesses in the newly constructed teaching material were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, and observation and documents’ analysis. Data of the students’ learning achievements were obtained by means of an objective test with 60 items and were analyzed by means of t-test for independent sample. The findings show that when teachers use the model of communicative teaching material, called E...

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LEMBAR JAWABAN pilihan ganda SD doc