Apa yang dimaksud junk food

Junk food adalah makanan tidak sehat yang tinggi kalori dari gula atau lemak, dengan sedikit serat makanan, protein, vitamin, mineral, atau bentuk nilai gizi penting lainnya.[1][2][3]

Sebuah poster di 21-Area Health Promotion Center Camp Pendleton menggambarkan efek junk food yang dikonsumsi oleh banyak Marinir dan pelaut.

Definisi yang tepat bervariasi menurut tujuan dan dari waktu ke waktu. Beberapa makanan berprotein tinggi, seperti daging yang disiapkan dengan lemak jenuh, dapat dianggap junk food.[4] Istilah makanan HFSS (high in fat, salt and sugar) juga bermakna serupa.[5][6] Fast food dan fast food restaurant sering disamakan dengan junk food, meskipun fast food tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai junk food.[7][8] Kebanyakan junk food adalah makanan olahan tinggi.

Kekhawatiran tentang efek kesehatan negatif akibat diet junk food, terutama obesitas, telah mengakibatkan kampanye kesadaran kesehatan masyarakat, dan pembatasan iklan dan penjualan di beberapa negara.[9][10][11]

Junk food menjadi suatu istilah peyoratif sejak setidaknya tahun 1950-an.[12]

Heart Attack Grill
Hamburger
Kegemukan

^ "junk food". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 13 March 2015.
^ "junk food". Macmillan Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 13 March 2015.
^ O'Neill, Brendon (November 30, 2006). "Is this what you call junk food?". BBC News. Diakses tanggal June 29, 2010.
^ Scott, Caitlin (May 2018). "Sustainably Sourced Junk Food? Big Food and the Challenge of Sustainable Diets". Global Environmental Politics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 18 (2): 93–113. doi:10.1162/glep_a_00458. ISSN 1526-3800. Parameter |s2cid= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
^ Parks, Troy (16 Dec 2016). "WHO warns on kids' digital exposure to junk-food ads". American Medical Association.
^ Snowdon, Christopher (6 Jun 2018). "The proposed 'junk food' advertising ban is aimed at you, not your children". The Spectator. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-30. Diakses tanggal 2020-12-30.
^ Specter, Michael (2 November 2015). "Freedom from Fries". New Yorker. Diakses tanggal 2019-01-01.
^ Smith, Rene. "Fast Food Facts". Science Kids. Diakses tanggal 2019-01-01.
^ "Food Marketing to Kids". Public Health Law Center (William Mitchell College of Law). 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-28. Diakses tanggal 13 March 2015.
^ "Protecting children from the harmful effects of food and drink marketing". World Health Organization. September 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 March 2015.
^ "Food Marketing in Other Countries" (PDF).
^ Zimmer, Ben (30 Dec 2010). "On Language: Junk". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2015.

Ansel, Karen. "30 Surprisingly Healthy Fast Foods". Fitness Magazine (Meredith Corporation). Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
Anthony, Mark (1 Apr 2014). "Understanding Satiation and Satiety". Food Processing. Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015.
"Junk food is more expensive than healthy food: study, says Dept. of Agriculture study". NY Daily News. Associated Press. May 16, 2012. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2015.
Center for Public Health Nutrition (University of Washington). "Nutrient Profiling". Center for Public Health Nutrition (University of Washington). Diakses tanggal 24 March 2015.
Fernandez, Manny (7 August 2010). "Let Us Now Praise the Great Men of Junk Food". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
Freedman, David H. (19 Jun 2013). "How Junk Food Can End Obesity". The Atlantic. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
Lehman, Shereen (1 November 2014). "Why Is Junk Food So Popular? Here Are Three Reasons". About.com. Diakses tanggal 27 March 2015.
Moss, Michael (20 Feb 2013). "The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
Parker-Pope, Tara (5 Dec 2007). "A High Price for Healthy Food". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2015.
Poti, Jennifer M; Kiyah J Duffey; Barry M Popkin (23 Oct 2013). "The association of fast food consumption with poor dietary outcomes and obesity among children: is it the fast food or the remainder of the diet?". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
Saez, Catherine (11 June 2014). "UN Advisor Denounces Junk Food As 'Culprit' In Rising NCDs, Calls For Change". Intellectual Property Watch. Diakses tanggal 24 August 2014.
ScienceDaily (15 January 2014). "Fast food not the major cause of rising childhood obesity rates, study finds". ScienceDaily. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
"Empty Calories: What are empty calories?". EnergyFirst. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2015.