Tabs are perfect for single page web applications, or for web pages capable of displaying different subjects: Show
LondonLondon is the capital city of England. ParisParis is the capital of France. TokyoTokyo is the capital of Japan. Try it Yourself » Create Toggleable TabsStep 1) Add HTML:Example
LondonLondon is the capital city of England.
ParisParis is the capital of France.
TokyoTokyo is the capital of Japan. Create buttons to open specific tab content. All elements with Step 2) Add CSS:Style the buttons and the tab content: Example/* Style the tab */ /* Style the buttons that are used to open the tab content */ /* Change background color of buttons on hover */ /* Create an active/current tablink class */ /* Style the tab content */ Step 3) Add JavaScript:Examplefunction openCity(evt, cityName) { // Get all elements with class="tabcontent" and hide them // Get all elements with class="tablinks" and remove the class "active" // Show the current tab, and add an "active" class to the button that opened the tab Fade in Tabs:If you want to fade in the tab content, add the following CSS: Example.tabcontent { /* Go from zero to full opacity */ Show a tab by defaultTo open a specific tab on page load, use JavaScript to "click" on the specified tab button: ExampleLondon Try it Yourself »Close a tabIf you want to close a specific tab, use JavaScript to hide the tab with a click of a button: Example
LondonLondon is the capital city of England. x Try it Yourself » Tip: Also check out How To - Vertical Tabs. Use Case : Open browser → click on a link → click on sub link → get back to original main tab → do some tasks. I know how to switch to next tab using “Use browser->Keyboard Shortcut” activities. But I want to go back to the original tab while the sub tabs are being opened. Please give your inputs. WebDriver does not make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:
Switching windows or tabsClicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. If you have only two tabs or windows open, and you know which window you start with, by the process of elimination you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original. However, Selenium 4 provides a new api which creates a new tab (or) new window and automatically switches to it.
Create new window (or) new tab and switchCreates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don’t need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original. Note: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions. 0 1 2 3 4 5Closing a window or tabWhen you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get: 6 7 8 9 0 1Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution. Quitting the browser at the end of a sessionWhen you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:
Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later. Some test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test. 2 3 4 5 6 7If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using 9 which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session. 8 9 0 1 2 3Python’s WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the 00 keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution. 4Window managementScreen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window. Get window sizeFetches the size of the browser window in pixels. 5 6 7 8 9 0Set window sizeRestores the window and sets the window size. 1 2 3 4 5 6Get window positionFetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window. 7 8 9 0 1 2Set window positionMoves the window to the chosen position. 3 4 5 6 7 8Maximize windowEnlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system’s own menus and toolbars. 9 0 1 2 3Minimize windowMinimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers. Minimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray. Note: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions. 4 5 6 7 8Fullscreen windowFills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers. 9 0 1 2 3 4TakeScreenshotUsed to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format. 5 6 7 8 9 0TakeElementScreenshotUsed to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format. How to switch browser tabs using JavaScript?JavaScript does not have APIs for controlling tabs. Therefore, you can't do it. You can open windows, but you can't control if it will be a tab or window.
How to switch tabs in Chrome using JavaScript?forEach((tab, index) => { if (tab. active === true) { activeTabIndex = index; } }); // Obtain the next tab. If the current active // tab is the last tab, the next tab should be // the first tab.
Can JavaScript access other tabs?Did you know you can send information between open browser tabs using JavaScript? Let's say your user is viewing your site with multiple tabs and something happens one tab which you want to react to on the other tabs - you can do this using the Broadcast Channel API.
How to go back to previous tab JavaScript?Making a browser go back to the previous page with the help of JavaScript is quite easy. To do this, simply access the window Object of the browser's window and its history property. After that, simply use the back() method on the history to move the browser to the previous entry inside its history list.
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