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Legal Notice | Privacy Policy | Cookie Policy The first stage of the listening process is the receiving stage, which involves hearing and attending. Learning ObjectivesDefine the receiving stage of the listening process Key TakeawaysKey Points
Key Terms
The Receiving StageThe first stage of the listening process is the receiving stage, which involves hearing and attending. Use Your Ears!: The first stage of the listening process is receiving. Hearing is the physiological process of registering sound waves as they hit the eardrum. As obvious as it may seem, in order to effectively gather information through listening, we must first be able to physically hear what we’re listening to. The clearer the sound, the easier the listening process becomes. Paired with hearing, attending is the other half of the receiving stage in the listening process. Attending is the process of accurately identifying and interpreting particular sounds we hear as words. The sounds we hear have no meaning until we give them their meaning in context. Listening is an active process that constructs meaning from both verbal and nonverbal messages. The Challenges of ReceptionListeners are often bombarded with a variety of auditory stimuli all at once, so they must differentiate which of those stimuli are speech sounds and which are not. Effective listening involves being able to focus in on speech sounds while disregarding other noise. For instance, a train passenger that hears the captain’s voice over the loudspeaker understands that the captain is speaking, then deciphers what the captain is saying despite other voices in the cabin. Another example is trying to listen to a friend tell a story while walking down a busy street. In order to best listen to what she’s saying, the listener needs to ignore the ambient street sounds. Attending also involves being able to discern human speech, also known as “speech segmentation. “1 Identifying auditory stimuli as speech but not being able to break those speech sounds down into sentences and words would be a failure of the listening process. Discerning speech segmentation can be a more difficult activity when the listener is faced with an unfamiliar language. Hearing vs. Listening“Many people use the words “hearing” and “listening” interchangeably; however, there are several important differences between the two,” says Kelly Workman, PsyD, a psychologist at Columbia University Medical Center. According to Workman, hearing is the passive intake of sound while listening is the act of intentionally working to comprehend the sounds [e.g., words or background noises] you hear. Kelly Workman, PsyDThe saying ‘In one ear, out the other’ speaks to the difference between hearing and listening. — Kelly Workman, PsyD Hearing
Listening
HearingHearing is a passive, involuntary, and sensory process in which we perceive sounds. It is a physiological response that involves our perception of sound. It does not require focused attention. For example, if you’re watching television, you can still hear the sound of traffic or sirens outside, your neighbor’s dog barking, and people laughing in the hallway. ListeningListening is an active, voluntary, and intentional process that involves making sense of the words and sounds you hear; it requires your attention. In turn, you may develop an emotional response to what you hear. Listening with the intent to understand is referred to as active listening. For example, if you’re listening to someone talk about a difficult day they had at work, you will probably have your full attention focused on them. As they speak, you will start to understand what their experience was like and the impact it had on them. This will help you make thoughtful comments and ask relevant questions to further understand their experience. The definition of hearing has more to do with the physiological act of hearing sounds than it does with making sense and connecting with the person who’s talking to you. Merriam-Webster defines hearing as the “process, function, or power of perceiving sound; specifically: the special sense by which noises and tones are received as stimuli.” Listening, on the other hand, means “to pay attention to sound; to hear something with thoughtful attention; and to give consideration.” Clinical psychologist Kevin Gilliland, PsyD, says the difference between the two is night and day. “Hearing is like collecting data,” he explains. The act of hearing is rather simple and basic. Listening, on the other hand, is three-dimensional. “People that excel at work, or in marriage or friendships, are ones that have honed their ability to listen,” says Gilliland.
Although listening is the first language skill that human beings develop--and it's how we spend 40% of our time communicating--many of us are not great listeners. In fact, we achieve only 25% of our listening potential--mostly because we're too busy, too distracted and too focused on what we're going to say next.
So it's a good idea to work on our listening, which Merriam Webster defines as "to hear something with thoughtful attention: give consideration." Let's start by testing your knowledge. Answer true or false to each of the following statements: 1. Listening is the same as hearing. 2. Listening skills develop naturally. 3. People with higher IQs are better listeners. 4. Listening is a passive activity. 5. You can improve your ability to listen by moving to a different location. 6. The person speaking is responsible for making sure his/her message is understood. 7. To be a better listener, sit up straight. 8. If someone doesn't agree, he/she is not listening. 9. Asking questions improves listening effectiveness. Ready to see how you did? Here are the answers: 1. FALSE: Just because you hear the speaker's voice doesn't mean you're listening. Hearing is the body's natural response to sound, while listening involves actively gathering information to develop a clear understanding of the message. 2. TRUE but also FALSE: While it's true that humans are born with the ability to listen--after all, it's how we learn to speak--effective listening skills must be carefully developed through effort and practice. 3. FALSE: Just because someone has a high intellect doesn't mean the person is an expert listener. Studies show that listening and intelligence are not related. 4. FALSE: Effective listening gives the body and mind a rigorous workout, causing a faster heart rate, quicker blood circulation and a rise in the body's temperature. 5. TRUE.Your office space is a breeding ground for distractions. Email, ringing phones, smartphones and paperwork are like Kryptonite that can drain your power to listen. The next time you need to have an important conversation with a colleague, leave your office and meet in a location that's free from distractions. 6. FALSE: The speaker and the listener share responsibility for successful communication. 7. TRUE: Whether you're sitting or standing, keep your hands open and your arms at your sides. Leaning toward the speaker demonstrates that you are interested in what the speaker is saying--and actually helps you pay attention. 8. FALSE: Just because a coworker (or a friend, a spouse or a political opponent) doesn't follow your suggestions or directions doesn't mean he/she isn't listening to you. Effective listening does not guarantee agreement. 9. TRUE: One of the best ways to improve your listening skills is by asking more questions. Your question can be as simple as "How are things going?" or "How's your job been lately?" |